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CAAFlog

Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals

9/7/2022

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Baker is remanded because "the convening authority violated Appellant’s basic due process rights when she decided to take no action on sentence before allowing Appellant five days to respond to the victim’s post-trial submission of matters in accordance with Rule for CourtsMartial (R.C.M.) 1106(d)(3)"

Appellant pled guilty to three sexual abuses of a child and of receiving and viewing CP; for which he was sentenced to 15 months, RiR, and a DD.

That leaves two issues on table when the case comes back one of which asks "whether trial counsel’s sentencing argument improperly referenced victim impact and criticized Appellant’s apology when no victim impact evidence had been admitted."

Note to DC. "Appellant did not file a motion with the military judge alleging convening authority error, as permitted under R.C.M. 1104(b)(2)."

In remanding, the court notes that "In this case, “some colorable showing of possible prejudice” is demonstrated because the R.C.M. 1106A submission contained new information, Appellant has articulated how he would have responded to the victim’s submission had he been given the required opportunity, that his response would have been different from his initial clemency submission, and the convening authority could have granted some clemency relief."
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Rigged RAF MJ system?

9/4/2022

 
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​The Express (UK) tells us that the 
RAF chief [is] told to fix ‘rigged’ Court Martial system after ‘incredibly serious’ allegations.

RAF chief Sir Mike Wigston has been told he must fix its "rigged" court martial system - with a legal expert claiming incidences of incident (sic) exposure, assault, intimidation and even rape were frequently going unpunished.

However, a Ministry of Defence spokesman stressed there was no place for sexual assault or harassment within the armed forces - and pointed out the conviction for rape within the Service Justice System was four times lower than that of the civilian system. Kate Roos, Senior Solicitor in the Military Claims Team at Bolt Burdon Kemp, was speaking after whistleblowers complained of a bullying environment within the Red Arrows, which had led to three leaving the team.
. . .

[V]iewed as a proportion of allegations reported, rather than of cases prosecuted, the conviction rate in the Service Justice System is around eight percent compared to around two percent in the civilian system.

Cross-posted with GMJR.

​

Army Court of Criminal Appeals

9/4/2022

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Hernandez is ACCA' s refresher on challenges to a member, especially when it involves implied bias. He gets a new trial because the MJ declined to excuse a panel member who “expressed a strongly held belief that consent to sexual intercourse required verbal consent.” (The member's wife was a SARC which was part of the basis for challenge.)

Two prospective members held the same opinion, but one was peremptorily challenged by the defense. (Keep in mind that a peremptory challenge waives the issue, and failure to peremptorily challenge, if there is only one member affected, waives the issue.)
Sergeant First Class@expressed a strongly held belief that consent to sexual intercourse must be expressed verbally. When asked by the defense counsel, "[d]o you think consent to sexual intercourse has to be verbal?" SFC responded, "[y]es." Defense counsel then quoted the definition of consent that the military judge would later use in instructions. and then asked: "[s]o if you saw the words 'consent is a freely given agreement,'you would think that agreement has to be a verbal agreement?" SFC responded with: "(i]t has to be verbal without intoxication."

When it came time for the MJ to question SFC he attempted torehabilitate the member, asking, "[i]f my definition of consent differs from you[r] own personal beliefs, would you be able to follow my definition?" to which SFC replied, "[y]es, sir."

During their turn to question SFC the government revisited his understanding of consent, again attempting to rehabilitate the panel member, asking: "If someone else were to indicate with a thumbs up or a nod, would that be interpreted as consent for you?" SFC replied, "I would have to hear it, personally." And when asked one final time if it was his personal view that consent must be verbal, SFC responded, "[a] thumbs up or a nod could be a miscommunication between the two, so it's best to clear it up." 
In denying the challenge the MJ mentioned the liberal grant mandate but found the standard for either an actual or implied bias was not met.

The ACCA focuses on the implied bias issue and notes that

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Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces

9/4/2022

 
In Sigrah, the court explains R.C.M. 914 and the "Jencks Act.
We reiterate today that the Kohlbek framework is the appropriate prejudice analysis for preserved nonconstitutional R.C.M. 914 error.
​R.C.M. 914 requires the government to make available to the defense, after a witness has testified, any statement possessed by the United States that the witness has made. In its opinion, the lower court agreed that the military judge erred in her application of R.C.M. 914. However, the lower court determined that the error did not substantially influence the findings.

After review of the record, we conclude that the military judge’s error in not striking the relevant testimony pursuant to R.C.M. 914 had a substantial influence on the findings. Consequently, the lower court’s decision is reversed and the findings and sentence are set aside.
  • Army Criminal Investigation Command (CID) began an investigation. [and] interviewed the victim, appellant, SPC D, and SPC B.
  • All of the interviews were video recorded and temporarily stored on a CID server.
  • [T]he relevant interview rooms were configured in a manner such that the video-recording feature automatically began whenever someone entered an interview room.
  • [H]owever, the interviewing CID agent had to affirmatively press a button to engage the audio recording feature. "So we have the option to turn the audio on and off in the interview rooms, but the video is always recording.”"
  • Video recordings of interviews—and the audio recordings of interviews, if the button was pressed— were automatically stored on a CID server with limited storage space.
  • Unless a CID agent accessed the server and affirmatively preserved a specific recording, the recordings were automatically overwritten when the server’s storage capacity was reached.
  • [I]t was CID policy at the time to preserve only subject interviews on a physical disc.
  • [N[on-subject witness interviews would be overwritten approximately thirty to fortyfive days after the interview.
  • [O]nly appellant’s CID interview— video and audio—was preserved on a physical disc.
  • {I]nterviews of the victim and SPCs D and B were not affirmatively preserved by CID and, as such, were eventually automatically overwritten.
    • The victim and SPCs D and B did, however, provide written sworn statements to CID during their interviews, all of which were preserved and disclosed to the defense.
    • The victim wrote a sevenpage sworn statement; SPC D wrote a five-page sworn statement; and SPC B wrote a four-page sworn statement.
    • SPC D was advised of his Article 31(b), UCMJ, rights prior to his interview and waived his rights. Notwithstanding the rights advisement, SPC D’s interview was not affirmatively preserved.
  • Following the victim’s direct examination, defense counsel moved to strike her testimony under R.C.M. 914 because the government failed to preserve her recorded interview.
  • Trial counsel acknowledged the victim’s recorded interview contained statements and that the government could not produce those statements due to the recording being automatically overwritten.
  • Trial counsel argued that despite the loss of the statements, there was no showing of bad faith on the part of CID and that the defense had access to the victim’s sworn statement. During the same Article 39(a), UCMJ, hearing, the defense indicated it would be making the same motion, supported with the same evidence, with respect to the testimony of SPCs D and B. The government maintained its argument concerning the absence of bad faith and the availability of sworn statements as to SPCs D and B.
  • The military judge orally denied defense counsel’s R.C.M. 914 motions for all three witnesses and stated she would supplement the record with written findings of fact and conclusions of law.

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Sexual assaults by the new numbers

9/3/2022

 
On September 1, DoD issued a press release announcing the new numbers for 2021.
Today, the Department of Defense (DOD) released the Fiscal Year 2021 Annual Report on Sexual Assault in the Military.
This year’s report, which is required by Congress and published by DOD’s Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office, contains survey results, reporting data, and military justice case outcomes.  The report also provides updates on the Department’s efforts to prevent and respond to sexual assault throughout Fiscal Year 2021.
. . . 
The Fiscal Year 2021 Annual Report on Sexual Assault in the Military and a fact sheet with the topline results are available on https:// www.sapr.mil/reports

At the same time, DoD has released this CHART/slide show.

U. S. Supreme Court

9/2/2022

 
A petition of interest courtesy of SCOTUSBlog.

Ruiz v. Massachusetts
Issue: Whether the Fifth and 14th Amendments forbid judges (or prosecutors) from instructing (or inviting) the jury to take into account a non-testifying criminal defendant’s courtroom demeanor as a basis for finding guilt.
Aug 08 2022Petition for a writ of certiorari filed. (Response due September 9, 2022)

Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals

9/2/2022

 
In Wermuth, the Appellant had several issues including trial counsel's sentencing argument.
Appellant asserts trial counsel’s statement that the court had “heard no evidence” that Appellant had “actually gotten help” during the “yearand-a-half” of investigation was improper because the Defense had no obligation to put on evidence. The implication of trial counsel’s comment was that the Defense had failed to introduce such evidence. We agree this argument by trial counsel was, at a minimum, poorly phrased. Trial counsel is generally not permitted to comment on the failure of the defense to produce evidence. Taylor, 47 M.J. at 324 (C.A.A.F. 1997). Although Taylor and the cases cited therein dealt specifically with evidence for findings, with regard to sentencing evidence this court has noted: “Whenever trial counsel chooses to argue that an accused has not ‘shown’ the sentencing authority something, counsel treads backwards into a mine field in over-sized galoshes while wearing a blindfold.” United States v. Feddersen, No. ACM 39072, 2017 CCA LEXIS 567, at *9 (A.F. Ct. Crim. App. 21 Aug. 2017) (unpub. op.). In response, the Government cites United States v. Edwards for the principle that trial counsel may comment on an accused’s expression of remorse in an unsworn statement that “can be arguably construed as being shallow, artificial, or contrived.” 35 M.J. 351, 355 (C.M.A. 1992) (citations omitted). However, this response misses the mark. The concern is not that trial counsel commented on Appellant’s unsworn statement, but that he did so by implying the Defense failed to introduce evidence substantiating Appellant’s statement, rather than referring to “other evidence in the record which gives rise to the inference that [the] accused [wa]s not remorseful.”
Interested readers might also want to wade through the discussion of victim impact statements that are attached to the stipulation of fact.
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